Legal Separation in Washington

In Washington, spouses who wish to live apart without immediately ending their marriage can seek a legal separation (sometimes referred to as “separate maintenance”). While legal separation addresses many of the same issues as a divorce—such as property division, child support, and parenting plans—the spouses remain legally married.

Why Choose Legal Separation?

Couples may opt for legal separation instead of divorce for various reasons:

  • Religious or Moral Considerations: Some individuals prefer to avoid divorce due to personal or faith-based beliefs.
  • Health Insurance & Financial Benefits: Remaining legally married can allow a spouse to retain insurance coverage and certain other benefits.
  • Cooling-Off Period: Legal separation gives couples time to consider reconciliation or finalize their approach to property division and parenting responsibilities without permanently ending the marriage.

Similarities to Divorce

Although legal separation does not legally dissolve the marriage, it often involves:

  • Child Custody & Parenting Plans: A parenting plan must be in place if you share minor children, just as in a divorce case.
  • Child Support: Both parents remain financially responsible for their children. Washington’s child support guidelines (RCW 26.19) still apply.
  • Property & Debt Division: Courts address asset distribution and liability allocation to ensure each party’s rights and responsibilities are clear.
  • Spousal Maintenance: If one spouse needs financial support, the court can award maintenance during the separation.

Converting or Ending a Legal Separation

  • Converting to a Divorce: If either spouse decides to pursue divorce later, they can often convert the legal separation into a Decree of Dissolution. This typically abbreviates the divorce process because many issues (e.g., asset distribution, support) may already be settled.
  • Reconciliation: Couples who reconcile can terminate the legal separation and resume their marriage.
  • Permanent Arrangement: Some couples choose to remain legally separated indefinitely if it meets their personal or financial needs.

Benefits of Legal Separation

Legal separation offers a structured framework for spouses to live apart while retaining specific legal and financial advantages. By clarifying property rights, support obligations, and custody arrangements, it can reduce conflicts and smooth the path toward future decisions—whether that involves finalizing a divorce or reuniting.